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Sanskrit · 2nd c. BCE – 3rd c. CE

Manusmṛtiमनुस्मृति

A treatise on dharma: duties, kingship and law. 11 passages in the chapters come from it.

What it is
About 2,700 verses in 12 chapters
Composed
Usually placed between the 2nd century BCE and the 3rd century CE
By
Ascribed to Manu, the first man and lawgiver of Hindu myth; scholars see one author or school behind it
References on this site
Chapter.verse: 7.115 is chapter 7, verse 115. Chapter 7 is on the king, and chapters 8 and 9 on the courts and law.

A dharmaśāstra, a treatise on how people should live: the duties of each stage of life and each social class, rites, food, marriage, kingship, the courts and penance. Its chapters on the king are why it appears here: on administration, taxation, the courts and fair prices.

Its standing grew under British rule, when courts treated it as a source of Hindu law; William Jones translated it into English in 1794. It had not held that authority in practice before.

Read it in full

Translations in print

  • Patrick Olivelle, Manu's Code of Law (Oxford, 2005)

Names with marks such as ā, ṣ or ṛ are explained in how to read the names and terms.

The 11 passages the chapters quote

  1. DocumentedUnit 1 · Communication

    Communication ethics and true, pleasant and beneficial

    Read it in its chapter
    “Speech that causes no distress, that is true, pleasant and beneficial.” अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत् । anudvegakaraṃ vākyaṃ satyaṃ priyahitaṃ ca yat. Bhagavad Gītā 17.15; Manusmṛti 4.138

    Also cites: Bhagavad GītāDiscuss

  2. DocumentedUnit 1 · Organisation Structure

    Span of control and tiers of ten

    Read it in its chapter
    Manusmṛti 7.115–117

    Discuss

  3. DocumentedUnit 1 · Business Economics and Demand

    Wants that grow and and pleasures that fade

    Read it in its chapter
    “Desire is never quenched by enjoyment of desires; it only grows, like fire fed with ghee.” न जातु कामः कामानामुपभोगेन शाम्यति । na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāmyati. Manusmṛti 2.94; Bhagavad Gītā 5.22

    Also cites: Bhagavad GītāDiscuss

  4. My viewUnit 1 · Utility Analysis

    Diminishing returns on pleasure and pleasures that end

    Read it in its chapter
    “Pleasures born of contact are sources of sorrow; they have a beginning and an end, and the wise take no delight in them.” ये हि संस्पर्शजा भोगा दुःखयोनय एव ते । आद्यन्तवन्तः कौन्तेय न तेषु रमते बुधः । ye hi saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkhayonaya eva te, ādyantavantaḥ kaunteya na teṣu ramate budhaḥ. Manusmṛti 2.94; Bhagavad Gītā 5.22

    Also cites: Bhagavad GītāDiscuss

  5. DocumentedUnit 1 · National Income and Inflation

    Fiscal policy and taxing lightly, like the bee

    Read it in its chapter
    “As the bee takes honey little by little, so the king should draw taxes.” यथाल्पाल्पमदन्त्याद्यं वार्योकोवत्सषट्पदाः । yathālpālpam adanty ādyaṃ vāryokovatsaṣaṭpadāḥ. Manusmṛti 7.129; Raghuvaṃśa 1.18

    Also cites: RaghuvaṃśaDiscuss

  6. My viewUnit 2 · Organisational Behaviour

    The autocratic model: power and obedience and the rod governs all

    Read it in its chapter
    “The rod governs all subjects; the rod alone protects them; the rod keeps awake while they sleep; the wise know the rod as dharma.” दण्डः शास्ति प्रजाः सर्वा दण्ड एवाभिरक्षति । दण्डः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति दण्डं धर्मं विदुर्बुधाः । daṇḍaḥ śāsti prajāḥ sarvā daṇḍa evābhirakṣati; daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti daṇḍaṃ dharmaṃ vidur budhāḥ. Manusmṛti 7.18

    Discuss

  7. My viewUnit 2 · Values, Learning and Motivation

    Instrumental values and the ten marks of dharma

    Read it in its chapter
    धृतिः क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः । धीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् । dhṛtiḥ kṣamā damo ’steyaṃ śaucam indriya-nigrahaḥ, dhīr vidyā satyam akrodho daśakaṃ dharma-lakṣaṇam. “Steadiness, forgiveness, self-control, not stealing, purity, restraint of the senses, wisdom, learning, truth and freedom from anger: these ten are the marks of dharma.” Manusmṛti 6.92

    Discuss

  8. DocumentedUnit 2 · Workforce Diversity

    Adapting to other cultures and the customs of regions and guilds

    Read it in its chapter
    जातिजानपदान्धर्मान्श्रेणीधर्मांश्च धर्मवित् । समीक्ष्य कुलधर्मांश्च स्वधर्मं प्रतिपादयेत् । jāti-jānapadān dharmān śreṇī-dharmāṃś ca dharmavit, samīkṣya kula-dharmāṃś ca sva-dharmaṃ pratipādayet. “One who knows the law should examine the customs of castes, regions, guilds and families, and then establish the law particular to each.” Manusmṛti 8.41

    Discuss

  9. My viewUnit 2 · Job Analysis and Design

    Naming and weighting the grounds of worth and five grounds of honour, each weightier than the last

    Read it in its chapter
    “Wealth, kin, age, deeds and, fifth, learning: these are grounds of honour, and each later one is weightier than the one before.” वित्तं बन्धुर्वयः कर्म विद्या भवति पञ्चमी । एतानि मान्यस्थानानि गरीयो यद्यदुत्तरम् । vittaṃ bandhur vayaḥ karma vidyā bhavati pañcamī; etāni mānyasthānāni garīyo yad yad uttaram. Manusmṛti 2.136

    Discuss

  10. DocumentedUnit 2 · Compensation Management

    Pay in coin and in kind and wages, clothing and grain

    Read it in its chapter
    “One paṇa is to be given as wages to the lowest servant and six to the highest; clothing every six months, and a droṇa of grain every month.” पणो देयोऽवकृष्टस्य षडुत्कृष्टस्य वेतनम् । षाण्मासिकस्तथाच्छादो धान्यद्रोणस्तु मासिकः । paṇo deyo 'vakṛṣṭasya ṣaḍ utkṛṣṭasya vetanam; ṣāṇmāsikas tathācchādo dhānyadroṇas tu māsikaḥ. Manusmṛti 7.126

    Discuss

  11. DocumentedUnit 7 · Pricing Decisions

    Cost and market factors in price and fixing rates after reckoning

    Read it in its chapter
    आगमं निर्गमं स्थानं तथा वृद्धिक्षयावुभौ । विचार्य सर्वपण्यानां कारयेत्क्रयविक्रयौ । āgamaṃ nirgamaṃ sthānaṃ tathā vṛddhikṣayāv ubhau / vicārya sarvapaṇyānāṃ kārayet krayavikrayau. “After weighing the arrival and dispatch, the storage, and the gain and loss of all goods, he should fix their buying and selling prices.” Manusmṛti 8.401; review at 8.402

    Discuss

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